Proceso iterativo con sentido para el cuidado de la persona con cáncer en pandemia / Meaningful iterative process for the care of the person with cancer in pandemic

Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia de los cuidados prestados por enfermeras a personas con cáncer en el contexto de pandemia. Método: Estudio cualitativo constructivista con diseño descriptivo, realizado a enfermeras hospitalarias de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, entre septiembre del 2020 y marzo del 2021. Se realizaron quince entrevistas semiestructuradas, las que luego de su transcripción fueron sometidas a un análisis de contenido según Krippendorff. Principales resultados: La pandemia se convirtió en un desafío para las enfermeras de oncología y cuidados paliativos, quienes debieron enfrentar esta crisis sanitaria reorganizando los cuidados a través de un proceso iterativo, lo que permitió dar sentido a la atención brindada. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras de oncología y cuidados paliativos afrontaron la pandemia con un liderazgo resiliente que las llevó a reorganizar los cuidados centrados en la persona en un marco de integralidad, aprendizaje significativo, innovación, compromiso y cohesión.(AU)

Objective: To understand the experience of care provided by nurses to people with cancer in the context of a pandemic. Method: Constructivist qualitative study with descriptive design, conducted with hospital nurses in the Metropolitan Region of Chile between September 2020 and March 2021. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, which after transcription were subjected to content analysis according to Krippendorff. Findings: The pandemic became a challenge for oncology and palliative care nurses, who had to face this health crisis by reorganizing care through an iterative process, which made it possible to give meaning to the care provided. Conclusions: Oncology and palliative care nurses faced the pandemic with resilient leadership that led them to reorganize person-centered care within a framework of comprehensiveness, meaningful learning, innovation, engagement, and cohesion.(AU)

Cuidado paliativo cercano, adaptación del cuidado de enfermería brindado en tiempo de pandemia / Close palliative care, adequacy of nursing care provided in times of pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia a nivel mundial afectó gravemente los servicios de prevención y tratamiento de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles, viéndose las personas con cáncer afectadas por su tamizaje, tratamiento y acompañamiento a fin de vida. En este contexto, el cuidado brindado por enfermería se hizo complejo, generando impotencia y frustración frente al aislamiento y la mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Explorar la percepción de las enfermeras respecto al cuidado otorgado a personas en cuidados paliativos oncológicos en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo en base al análisis de contenido temático de Krippendorff. Contó con una muestra intencionada de 6 enfermeras de unidades de cuidados paliativos. La recolección de datos fue con entrevistas semiestructuradas audio grabadas por video conexión, tras dar el consentimiento, entre septiembre del 2020 y abril del 2021. Las entrevistas trascritas fueron analizadas por cada uno de los investigadores por separado, para luego triangular los hallazgos y develar las categorías, logrando la saturación de datos. RESULTADOS: Las enfermeras de CP que participaron en esta investigación se vieron enfrentadas a desafíos generados por la pandemia, sin embargo, reconocen haber logrado un cuidado paliativo cercano en base a las adaptaciones en la gestión del cuidado, la cual estuvo mediada por factores facilitadores en el proceso. Esta experiencia las llevó a dar sentido al cuidado brindado, valorando las adecuaciones realizadas y el compromiso asumido en pos de mantener un cuidado humanizado a pesar de los obstáculos que se fueron presentando. CONCLUSIÓN: El afrontar la pandemia permitió a las enfermeras de cuidados paliativos adaptarse a través de una gestión del cuidado oportuna, segura, innovadora y humanizada, lo que dio sentido a dicho cuidado, relevando el desarrollo de los programas de cuidados paliativos en personas con limitación de la vida.

INTRODUCTION: The worldwide pandemic severely affected services related to the prevention and treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases, especially in people with cancer who require screening, treatment, and accompaniment at the end of life. In this context, the care provided by nurses became complex, creating feelings of impotence and frustration in the face of isolation and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses' perceptions of the oncologic palliative care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: Descriptive exploratory qualitative study based on Krippendorff thematic content analysis. The study had an intentional sample of 6 nurses from palliative care units. Data was collected between September 2020 and April 2021, using semi-structured video interviews which were audio-recorded after obtaining consent. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by each of the researchers separately to triangulate the findings and reveal the categories that characterized the nurses' perceptions. RESULTS: While the PC nurses who participated in this research were faced with challenges generated by the pandemic, they were able to provide close palliative care based on adaptations in care management, adaptations facilitated by factors in the process. This experience enabled them to give meaning to the care provided, value the adjustments and the commitment made to maintain humanized care despite the obstacles. CONCLUSION: Facing the pandemic prompted palliative care nurses to adapt through timely, safe, innovative, and humanized care management, giving meaning to such care and highlighting the importance of palliative care programs in people with life limitations.

Estrategias del equipo de salud para afrontar la muerte de niños y adolescentes con cáncer / Strategies by the Health Team for Coping with the Death of Children and Adolescents with Cancer

Introducción: La muerte en niños y adolescentes por cáncer suele ser difícil de afrontar por los profesionales de salud. Si no cuentan con modos adecuados para transitar estos duelos, pueden generarse problemas psicológicos, emocionales y físicos, exponiéndose a Burnout. Objetivo: Develar las estrategias utilizadas por profesionales y técnicos de salud de hospitales públicos chilenos para afrontar la muerte de infantes con cáncer. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica, realizada en cinco hospitales públicos en Santiago de Chile, entre mayo-septiembre del 2017. Población de 37 profesionales y técnicos de salud que vivenciaron morir niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Se efectuaron entrevistas en profundidad, guiadas por la pregunta "¿Cómo ha afrontado usted la muerte de los pacientes en su unidad?" Las narrativas se transcribieron y analizaron según las etapas de Streubert, se triangularon los datos hasta alcanzar la saturación. Resultados: Las principales estrategias fueron participar de ritos de despedida ante la muerte, realizar actividades recreativas con miembros del equipo fuera de la jornada laboral, hacer cambios en la rutina de trabajo, separar aspectos personales y profesionales. Al percibir un bajo apoyo de la institución, propusieron facilitar la asistencia al funeral, desarrollar intervenciones formales de apoyo en duelo, realizar intervenciones de autocuidado e incorporar el tema de la muerte en las inducciones laborales. Conclusión: Los profesionales y técnicos cuentan con estrategias para afrontar sus duelos. Sin embargo, requieren de apoyo formal de la institución, junto con capacitación continua en la temática. Es fundamental que la institución se implique en esta problemática(AU)

Introduction: Cancer deaths among children and adolescents are often difficult for health professionals to cope with. If they do not have adequate ways to deal with this grief, psychological, emotional and physical problems may arise, exposing them to burnout or the so called burned-out worker syndrome. Objective: To reveal the strategies used by health professionals and technicians in Chilean public hospitals to cope with the death of children with cancer. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research carried out in five public hospitals in Santiago, Chile, between May and September 2017. The population was made up of 37 health professionals and technicians who experienced the death of children and adolescents with cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted, guided by the following question: How have you coped with the death of patients in your unit? The narratives were transcribed and analyzed according to the stages described by Streubert. In addition, the data were triangulated until saturation was reached. Results: The main strategies were to participate in farewell rites in the face of death, to carry out recreational activities with team members outside the workday, to make changes in the work routine, as well as to separate personal and professional aspects. When perceiving low support from the institution, they proposed facilitating attendance at the funeral, developing formal bereavement support interventions, carrying out self-care, and incorporating the matter of death into work inductions. Conclusion: Professionals and technicians have strategies to cope with their bereavement. However, they need formal support from the institution, together with continuous training on the matter. It is essential for the institution to become involved in this issue(AU)

Resignificar el cuidado al final de la vida, experiencias de familiares en cuidados paliativos / Resignifying end of life care, experiences of family members in palliative care / Resignificar os cuidados de fim de vida, experiências de membros da família em cuidados paliativos

OBJETIVO:Develar la experiencia vivida por cuidadores informales durante el cuidado de su familiar en fase avanzada de cáncer en el hogar que los llevó a hospitalizarlos en una clínica de cuidados paliativos. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación fue realizada con metodología cualitativa fenomenológica basada en Husserlen el paradigma constructivista, se recogieron los testimonios de diez participantes que vivieron la experiencia de hospitalizar a su familiar adulto en una clínica de cuidados paliativosen Santiago de Chile tipo hospicedurante el año 2017,posteriormente de haberlos cuidado en el hogar. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas en profundidad audiograbadas, trascritas literalmente, protegiendo la confidencialidad.Se realizó análisis de discurso basado en Helen Streubert.Se contó con autorización de institución y comité de ética correspondiente. RESULTADOS:En el estudio se develól as siguientes unidades de significado;los participantes tras asumir la responsabilidad de cuidar a su familiar en el hogar comenzaron a vivenciar agotamiento. Esto desencadenó una crisis en el cuidado, que los llevó a tomar la decisión de hospitalizarlos. Una vez hospitalizados en la clínica, los cuidadores se sintieron apoyados por los profesionales, esto permitió resignificar la experiencia, al sentir que volvían a cuidar nuevamente a su familiar.CONCLUSIONES: s:Se develó que el cuidado domiciliario requiere de un acompañamiento continuo, con atención las 24 horas del día por parte del equipo de Cuidados Paliativos, para reducir el estrés de la progresión de la enfermedad y fomentar la tranquilidad de los familiares y cuidadores.

OBJECTIVE:To unveil the experience lived by informal caregivers during the care of their relative in advanced stage of cancer at home that led them to hospitalize them in a palliative care clinic. METHODS:The research was conducted with phenomenological qualitative methodology based on Husserl in the constructivist paradigm, the testimonies of ten participants who lived the experience of hospitalizing their adult relative ina palliative care clinic in Santiago de Chile hospice type during the year 2017, after having cared for them at home were collected. The information was obtained through audio-recorded in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim, protecting confidentiality.Discourse analysis based on Helen Streubert was performed. Authorization was obtained from the institution and the corresponding ethics committee.RESULTS: The study revealed the following units of meaning; the participants, after assuming the responsibility of caring for their relative at home, began to experience exhaustion. This triggered a crisis in caregiving, which led to the decision to hospitalize them. Once hospitalized in the clinic, the caregivers felt supported by the professionals, this allowed them to resignify the experience, feeling that they were returning to care for their family member again.CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that home care requires continuous accompaniment, with 24-hour attention by the Palliative Care team, to reduce the stress of disease progression and promote peace of mind for family members and caregivers

OBJETIVO: Revelar a experiência vivida por cuidadores informais durante os cuidados de seus parentes em estágios avançados de câncer em casa que os levaram a ser hospitalizados em uma clínica de cuidados paliativos. METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa foi realizada com uma metodologia qualitativa fenomenológica baseada em Husserl no paradigma construtivista, foram coletados os depoimentos de dez participantes que viveram a experiência de hospitalizar seu parente adulto em uma clínica paliativa tipo hospitalar em Santiago do Chile durante o ano de 2017, depois de tê-los atendido em casa. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas em profundidade gravadas em áudio, transcritas literalmente, protegendo a confidencialidade. A análise do discurso foi realizada com base em Helen Streubert. A autorização foi obtida junto à instituição e ao comitê de ética correspondente. RESULTADOS: O estudo revelou as seguintes unidades de significado; os participantes, após assumirem a responsabilidade de cuidar de seus parentes em casa, começaram a experimentar a exaustão. Isto desencadeou uma crise de cuidados, o que levou à decisão de hospitalizá-los. Uma vez hospitalizados na clínica, os cuidadores se sentiram apoiados por profissionais, o que lhes permitiu re-significar a experiência, sentindo que estavam de volta para cuidar de seu parente novamente. CONCLUSÕES: Foi revelado que os cuidados domiciliares requerem um acompanhamento contínuo, com a atenção 24 horas da equipe de Cuidados Paliativos, para reduzir o estresse da progressão da doença e promover a paz de espírito para os membros da família e cuidadores

[Advanced practice nursing as a proposal to improve access and coverage in oncology for Latin America]. / Una propuesta para mejorar el acceso y cobertura en oncología para Latinoamérica: enfermería de práctica avanzada.

PAHO/WHO proposes to implement the role of Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in Latin America, to reduce gaps in coverage and access to health care. For this purpose, it is necessary to train nursing professionals with an expanded role, which allows them to collaborate in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with specific diseases, under established protocols and clinical guidelines and within consolidated interdisciplinary health teams in a cost-effective way. One of the areas with the greatest coverage deficit in Latin America is adult oncology, with inequality in care opportunities for these patients. Part of the premature deaths attributable to this disease are due to the lack of access to timely diagnosis and treatment. As a contribution to the reduction of this gap, a training program of Advanced Nursing Practice was developed, addressing the most urgent needs in the field of oncology. The necessary competencies were defined to develop a professional-level master's degree program, considering prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with oncological diseases at different levels of care. A program of this kind is an opportunity to reduce the access gap and coverage of health care for people with cancer, improving their quality of life and their survival.

Una propuesta para mejorar el acceso y cobertura en oncología para Latinoamérica: enfermería de práctica avanzada / Advanced practice nursing as a proposal to improve access and coverage in oncology for Latin America

PAHO/WHO proposes to implement the role of Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in Latin America, to reduce gaps in coverage and access to health care. For this purpose, it is necessary to train nursing professionals with an expanded role, which allows them to collaborate in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with specific diseases, under established protocols and clinical guidelines and within consolidated interdisciplinary health teams in a cost-effective way. One of the areas with the greatest coverage deficit in Latin America is adult oncology, with inequality in care opportunities for these patients. Part of the premature deaths attributable to this disease are due to the lack of access to timely diagnosis and treatment. As a contribution to the reduction of this gap, a training program of Advanced Nursing Practice was developed, addressing the most urgent needs in the field of oncology. The necessary competencies were defined to develop a professional-level master's degree program, considering prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of people with oncological diseases at different levels of care. A program of this kind is an opportunity to reduce the access gap and coverage of health care for people with cancer, improving their quality of life and their survival.

Trascender la muerte del niño con cáncer: Experiencias profesionales de la salud

Objetivo: Develar la percepción del apoyo en duelo de los profesionales de las unidades de oncología pediátrica, tras el fallecimiento de los pacientes. Método: Estudio fenomenológico cualitativo. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de 5 unidades de oncología pediátrica de hospitales públicos de Santiago de Chile. Una vez transcritas las narraciones, se realizó el análisis comprensivo y posteriormente la triangulación de los datos, hasta lograr su saturación. Resultados: Los profesionales se perciben apoyados en su duelo al poder experimentar las pérdidas en un ambiente protegido y sentirse apoyados por su entorno. Reconocen la existencia de factores externos e internos que facilitan el proceso de duelo. Sin embargo, este apoyo se percibe como insuficiente, ya que falta un apoyo formal por parte de la institución, así como un periodo de duelo protegido, o el apoyo de los profesionales de la salud mental a los equipos. Todas las experiencias de muerte permiten a los profesionales trascender su dolor a partir del aprendizaje permanente y dar sentido a su trabajo. Conclusión: El apoyo en duelo que sienten los profesionales se genera a partir de sus propias iniciativas de reencuentro dentro de los equipos, lo cual es insuficiente. Por ello, es necesaria la formación en el afrontamiento de la muerte desde el pregrado, lo que permitiría una mayor cohesión en el afrontamiento y un mayor autocuidado dentro de los equipos.

Objetivo: Desvelar a percepção do apoio ao luto dos profissionais das unidades de oncologia pediátrica, após o óbito dos pacientes. Método: Estudo fenomenológico qualitativo. Foram realizadas vinte e duas entrevistas aprofundadas com profissionais de cinco unidades de oncologia pediátrica de hospitais públicos de Santiago. Uma vez transcritas as narrativas, realizou-se à análise compreensiva e posteriormente à triangulação dos dados, alcançando a saturação destes. Resultados: Os profissionais percebem-se amparados em seu luto, pois podem vivenciar perdas em um ambiente protegido e sentir-se amparados por seu ambiente. Eles reconhecem a existência de fatores externos e internos que facilitam o processo de luto. Contudo, este apoio é percebido como insuficiente, visto que falta um apoio formal da instituição, bem como um período de luto protegido, ou o apoio dos profissionais de saúde mental para as equipes. Todas as experiências de morte permitem aos profissionais transcender sua dor por meio da aprendizagem ao longo da vida e dar sentido ao seu trabalho. Conclusão: O apoio no luto, sentido pelos profissionais, é gerado a partir das suas próprias iniciativas de reencontro com as equipes, o que é insuficiente. Portanto, o treinamento no enfrentamento da morte desde a graduação faz-se necessário, o que possibilitaria maior coesão no enfrentamento e maior autocuidado dentro das equipes.

Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units, after the death of the patients. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from 5 pediatric oncology units of public hospitals in Santiago. Once the narratives were transcribed, the comprehensive analysis and subsequent triangulation of the data was performed, achieving saturation. Results: Professionals perceive themselves supported in their grief by being able to experience the losses in a protected environment and feeling supported by their surroundings. They recognized the existence of external and internal factors that facilitated the process of grief. However, this support is perceived as insufficient, as there is a lack of formal support from the institution, as well as a protected grief period, or support from mental health professionals to the teams. All death experiences allow professionals to transcend their pain based on lifelong learning and to give meaning to their work. Conclusion: Grief support felt by the professionals is generated from their own initiatives of re-encounter within the teams, which is insufficient. Therefore, training in coping with death is necessary from undergraduate level, which would allow greater cohesiveness in coping and greater self-care within the teams.

Perception of support in professional's and technician's grief of pediatric intensive care units in public hospitals. / Percepción de apoyo en duelo por profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de hospitales públicos.

INTRODUCTION: Death in childhood is a reality faced by health professionals, especially in highly com plex units such as intensive care ones. This leads to feelings of helplessness and frustration in health professionals, compromising their physical, emotional, and mental health, which is worsened by the feeling of low social support and poor preparation for coping with death and support for the patient's family. OBJECTIVE: To expose the perception of sorrow support of professionals and techni cians in pediatric intensive care units of public hospitals, after the death of the patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. 16 in-depth interviews were conduc ted with pediatric intensive care professionals and technicians from five public hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Inclusion criteria considered working for more than a year in the Unit, having experienced the death of patients, and recognizing that they have gone through a professional sorrow. The in terview focused on the following question: How have you experienced the sorrow support received after the death of patients in your unit? Once the narratives were transcribed, the phenomenological analysis and subsequent data triangulation were carried out, achieving saturation. RESULTS: It was observed that the participants feel little supported in their sorrows after the death of the patients, where there are obstacles to face the situation. Although facing death is something complex for the participants, they recognize that they can generate protection strategies and also feel supported by the people around them. Despite the complexity of this experience, the participants consider that there are lessons learned in facing death which leads them to give meaning to their professional work. CONCLUSION: Professionals need the recognition of deaths in the workplace and, therefore, formal and continuous support from their work team and institution.

Percepción de apoyo en duelo por profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de hospitales públicos / Perception of support in professional's and technician's grief of pediatric intensive care units in public hospitals

INTRODUCCIÓN: La muerte en la infancia es una realidad a la que se ven enfrentados los profesionales de salud, especialmente en unidades de alta complejidad como son los cuidados intensivos. Esto genera en los profesionales impotencia y frustración, comprometiendo su salud física, emocional y mental, agravada por la sensación de bajo soporte social y deficiente preparación para el afrontamiento de la muerte y el apoyo a los familiares de sus pacientes. OBJETIVO: Develar la percepción de apoyo en duelo de profesionales y técnicos en unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico de hospitales públicos, tras la muerte de los pacientes. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de cinco hospitales públicos de Santiago. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron el trabajar por más de un año en la unidad, haber vivenciado la muerte de pacientes, y reconocer que ha cursado un duelo profesional. La entrevista fue guiada por la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo ha vivenciado usted el apoyo en duelo recibido, tras la muerte de pacientes en su unidad? Una vez trascritas las narrativas se realizó el análisis fenomenológico y posterior triangulación de los datos, logrando la saturación. RESULTADOS: Se develó que los participantes se sienten poco apoyados en sus duelos tras la muerte de los pacientes, existiendo obstáculos para su afrontamiento. Aunque enfrentar la muerte es algo complejo para ellos, reconocen que son capaces de generar estrategias de protección y además se sienten apoyados por personas de su entorno. A pesar de lo complejo de esta experiencia, ellos consideran que existen aprendizajes al enfrentar la muerte que los lleva a dar sentido a su labor profesional. CONCLUSIÓN: Los profesionales requieren que las pérdidas en el ámbito laboral sean reconocidas, y por ello, contar con un apoyo formal y continuo de su equipo de trabajo e institución.

INTRODUCTION: Death in childhood is a reality faced by health professionals, especially in highly com plex units such as intensive care ones. This leads to feelings of helplessness and frustration in health professionals, compromising their physical, emotional, and mental health, which is worsened by the feeling of low social support and poor preparation for coping with death and support for the patient's family. OBJECTIVE: To expose the perception of sorrow support of professionals and techni cians in pediatric intensive care units of public hospitals, after the death of the patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with pediatric intensive care professionals and technicians from five public hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Inclusion criteria considered working for more than a year in the Unit, having experienced the death of patients, and recognizing that they have gone through a professional sorrow. The in terview focused on the following question: How have you experienced the sorrow support received after the death of patients in your unit? Once the narratives were transcribed, the phenomenological analysis and subsequent data triangulation were carried out, achieving saturation. RESULTS: It was observed that the participants feel little supported in their sorrows after the death of the patients, where there are obstacles to face the situation. Although facing death is something complex for the participants, they recognize that they can generate protection strategies and also feel supported by the people around them. Despite the complexity of this experience, the participants consider that there are lessons learned in facing death which leads them to give meaning to their professional work. CONCLUSION: Professionals need the recognition of deaths in the workplace and, therefore, formal and continuous support from their work team and institution.

Validación de escala de apoyo en duelo en atención de salud para población hispanoparlante / Scale validation of grief support in health care for spanish-speaking population

La muerte de un niño atendido por profesionales puede ser concebida por ellos como una pérdida, convirtiéndose en ocasiones en una experiencia traumática. El soporte social se transforma en un importante mediador del proceso de duelo, ayudando a aliviar el estrés y afrontarlo de mejor manera. Objetivo: Traducción y validación al español del Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GSHCS). Método: Tras la traducción y validación de la equivalencia transcultural del GSHCS en su versión al español: Escala de Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS), se procedió a la auto aplicación del instrumento en 215 profesionales que trabajan en unidades de oncología y de cuidados críticos pediátricos. Con los datos se realizó un análisis de consistencia interna, Alfa de Cronbach, intervalos de confianza de Boostrap y análisis exploratorio para testear las propiedades psicométricas de la escala dividida en tres dimensiones: reconocimiento de la relación, reconocimiento de la pérdida e incorporación de los rituales, realizándose una comparación de medias mediante la prueba de t para muestras independientes. Resultados: El EADAS obtuvo una validación y confiabilidad con un Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,81. Al analizar las variables, se encontró que los profesionales de la unidad de oncología y las mujeres de ambas unidades se perciben más socialmente apoyados en sus duelos. Conclusión: El EADAS es un instrumento válido y confiable que permite identificar la percepción de soporte ante el duelo en profesionales de la salud

The death of a child, who is attended by professionals, can be conceived by them as a loss, sometimes resulting in a traumatic experience. Social support becomes an important mediator of the grieving process, helping to relieve the stress and to cope better. Objective: Translation and validation into Spanish of «Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GSHCS)». Method: Through the translation and validation of cross-cultural equivalence of GSHCS in its Spanish version: «Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS)», we proceeded to auto-apply this instrument to 215 professionals working in oncology units and critical pediatric care. With this data there was an internal analysis of the tendencies using Cronbach’s Alpha, Bootstrap Confidence Intervals and an exploratory analysis was performed to test the psychometric properties of the scale divided into three dimensions; recognition of the relationship, recognition of the loss and incorporation of belief rituals, performing a comparison of means using the t test for independent samples. Results: The «Grief Support in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) obtained a validation and reliability with a coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.81. By analyzing the variables, it was found that oncology unit professionals and both units women perceive themselves to be more socially supported in their mourning. Conclusion: The «Grief Support in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) is a valid and reliable instrument, which allows to identify the perception of support in the mourning process

Develando el significado del proceso de duelo en enfermeras(os) pediátricas(os) que se enfrentan a la muerte de un paciente a causa del cáncer / Revealing the Meaning of the Mourning Process of Pediatric Nurses Facing the Death of Cancer Patients / Revelando o significado do processo de luto em enfermeiros(as) pediátricos(as) que enfrentam a morte de um paciente por causa do câncer

Objetivo: develar el significado del duelo en enfermeras(os) que enfrentaron la muerte de niños con cáncer. La muerte de un niño(a) por cáncer genera un gran impacto en el equipo de enfermería, lo que produce impotencia, frustración y pena, que pueden llegar a causar Burnout. Método: se utilizó la investigación cualitativa fenomenológica basada en Husserl; se recogió la experiencia de diez enfermeras(o) oncológicas(os) pediátricas que enfrentaron la muerte de pacientes con cáncer bajo su cuidado. Los datos se obtuvieron de junio a noviembre del 2011 con entrevistas en profundidad grabadas y transcritas literalmente. El análisis fenomenológico se realizó según el método de Streubert. Resultado: los testimonios entregados develaron tres unidades de significado: las enfermeras vivencian la muerte de un paciente a través del transitar entre su propia forma de enfrentar la muerte y el cuidado profesional que otorgan. Con ello aparece un aprendizaje de vida dado por la comprensión de lo que es trabajar en oncología y los vínculos que establece en este ámbito. Esto permite desarrollar un cuidado con un sello particular. Conclusión: el estudio concluye que las enfermeras experimentan el duelo como un proceso dinámico al que atribuyen sentido a través de la entrega de un cuidado amoroso.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to reveal the meaning of the mourning period in nurses that have had to deal with the death of cancer-stricken children. The death of a cancer-stricken child affects the nursing staff deeply, bringing on feeling of powerlessness, frustration, and shame; these feelings can result in burnout. Method: Qualitative case-based research was undertaken based on Husserl, and ten cases of pediatric oncology nurses who faced the death of child patients under their care were reported. The study took place from June to November 2011 through verbatim-reported in depth interviews. Results: Undertaken using Streubert's method, this case-study revealed three essential issues: the nurses experience the death of a child by shifting between their own approaches to loss and the professional care they provide. This path brings life teachings, given the empathy of working in cancer units and the bonds created in this environment, thus allowing the nursing staff to provide unique nursing care. Conclusion: The study concluded that by providing patients with loving care, nurses have a dynamic approach to their experience of loss.

Objetivo: revelar o significado do luto em enfermeiros(as) que enfrentam a morte de crianças com câncer. A morte de uma criança por câncer gera um grande impacto na equipe de enfermagem, o que produz impotência, frustração e pena, que podem chegar a causar Burnout. Método: utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica baseada em Husserl; foi coletada a experiência de dez enfermeiros(as) oncológicos pediátricos(as) que enfrentaram a morte de pacientes com câncer sob o seu cuidado. Os dados obtiveram-se de junho a novembro de 2011 com entrevistas com profundidade, gravadas e transcritas literalmente. A análise fenomenológica realizou-se segundo o método de Streubert. Resultado: as declarações revelaram três elementos principais: as enfermeiras vivenciam a morte de um paciente por meio do transitar entre sua própria forma de enfrentar a morte e o cuidado profissional que outorgam. Com isso se ganha um aprendizado de vida dado pela compreensão do que é trabalhar em oncologia e os vínculos que se estabelece neste âmbito. Isso permite desenvolver um cuidado com um selo especial. Conclusão: o estudo conclui que os(as) enfermeiros(as) experimentam o luto como um processo dinâmico que atribui sentido por meio da entrega de um cuidado amoroso.